Glossary

Terms are grouped by their first letter.

A

Agent: An address authorized to perform specified contract operations, such as minting or identity registration.

ASSET: Native currency used for gas and BV collateral on Real Testnet. It is separate from permissioned asset tokens.

B

Bond: ASSET you put up when you file a dispute or an appeal. You can lose it. See who loses what.

Brier score: Mean squared error between predicted probabilities and binary outcomes. The protocol compares it with an expected score and threshold.

Business Validator: Participant assigned tokenization, scoring, or insurance responsibilities backed by protocol stake.

BVID: On-chain identifier for a Business Validator; distinct from its current operator wallet. The dashboard calls it the institution number.

C

Claim: Signed attestation about an identity, such as completion of an eligibility check.

Claim issuer: An entity or contract that issues attestations. It may differ from the asset token issuer.

Claim token: The token a holder gets for an unpaid amount. Under Details, the dashboard calls it an NDT.

Cohort: A collection of predictions fixed for evaluation over a defined outcome horizon. The dashboard calls it a Scoring window.

Compliance module: Contract that applies a configured rule to a proposed token operation.

Contested value: The amount that a dispute is about. It sets the bond and the vote rules.

D

DRF: Disaster Recovery Fund: the protocol recovery interfaces and reference implementation that receive and route recovery proceeds. The name does not mean that funds are available.

E

EOA: Externally owned account: an address controlled directly by a private key rather than by wallet-contract code.

Epoch: A reward accounting interval with snapshotted inputs and a separate finalization step.

Escrow: Contract that holds payment funds and releases or refunds them according to its rules.

F

Forced transfer: A privileged agent operation that moves holdings without a holder signature, subject to its specific contract checks.

Freeze: Restriction on a wallet or an amount of its tokens; distinct from pausing all ordinary transfers.

H

Health: The protocol assessment of collateral coverage: Healthy, Degraded, or Inactive. Other status or eligibility restrictions can still apply.

I

Identity registry: Suite contract associating wallets with ONCHAINIDs and evaluating required claims.

Insurance Validator: IV: a Business Validator that underwrites specified obligations. Its insurance operating capital is separate from its protocol stake.

Issuer: Organization issuing an asset token and responsible for its associated terms and operations.

IV: Abbreviation for Insurance Validator.

J

Jail: A time when your institution earns nothing and takes no new work. It ends by itself. See penalty steps.

K

Keeper: Service that submits eligible maintenance transactions. It has only the permissions assigned to its address.

KYC and KYB: Know Your Customer and Know Your Business: verification processes for people and organizations. What a given implementation checks and what the law requires are separate questions.

M

Management key: An ONCHAINID key with identity-management authority. The asset wallet holder does not necessarily control it.

N

NAV: Net asset value used to price a fund subscription at acceptance under the offering rules.

NDT: The protocol recovery-claim instrument associated with DRF interfaces. Reference accounting does not guarantee redemption or a funded payout.

Network validator: Node operator participating in chain consensus, separate from Business Validator and issuer roles.

No validator: An Out of date asset that nobody took over in time. See offences.

Notional: The principal or face value that a role is responsible for. It is not the sum of future interest payments.

O

Offence: A broken rule on your record. It counts for 12 months.

ONCHAINID: Identity contract containing keys and claims; wallets can be associated with it through a suite identity registry.

Oracle: Authorized input mechanism for an external value, such as ASSET/USD. Its data source and update controls determine the trust dependency.

Out of date: An asset whose record is not current. Another Tokenization Validator can take it over for a limited time. See offences.

P

Pause: Token control that stops ordinary transfers; privileged operations can have different checks.

Preflight: Preliminary evaluation of a proposed operation. Its result does not reserve balance or future eligibility.

Provisional penalty: An assessed penalty with reservations and immediate restrictions, before final debit or reversal. The dashboard shows it as Penalty pending.

Proxy: Contract that forwards execution to an implementation contract. The relevant upgrade authority can change that implementation.

R

Record date: The time at which the holders entitled to a scheduled payment are fixed. The Tokenization Validator locks it with Lock record dates. The payment goes to the wallet that held the tokens at that time.

Review: A wait after an upheld large dispute result. Anyone can appeal at its start.

RPC: Remote procedure call interface used to read chain state or submit signed transactions.

S

Safe: A smart-contract wallet whose configured owners and threshold authorize execution.

Scoring Validator: SV: a Business Validator publishing and maintaining probability-of-default predictions.

SIWE: Sign-In with Ethereum: wallet-message authentication used to establish a platform session.

Stake: Collateral posted to back protocol accountability. The posted balance and the withdrawable balance can differ.

SV: Abbreviation for Scoring Validator.

T

Timelock: Contract requiring scheduled privileged operations to wait a minimum delay before authorized execution.

Token suite: Permissioned token plus its identity, trusted-issuer, claim-topic, and compliance contracts.

Tokenization Validator: TV: a Business Validator responsible for assigned asset onboarding and maintenance duties.

Treasury delegation: Restricted treasury funding of BV stake, with its own ownership and withdrawal rules. It is not open to public retail delegators.

TV: Abbreviation for Tokenization Validator.

Turnout: The locked ASSET that voted, as a share of the voting base, with no lock-age weight. A vote needs a minimum turnout.

V

Voting base: The circulating supply that governance records, read when a dispute opens. Most of it is not locked and cannot vote.

W

WAD: Fixed-point scale of 10 to the power 18, used for protocol ratios and USD values.

Wind-down: Process for ending assignments while resolving or retaining outstanding obligations.