Glossary

ASSET

Native currency used for gas and BV collateral on Real Testnet. It is separate from permissioned asset tokens.

Agent

An address authorized to perform specified contract operations, such as minting or identity registration.

Brier score

Mean squared error between predicted probabilities and binary outcomes. The protocol compares it with an expected score and threshold.

Business Validator

Participant assigned tokenization, scoring, or insurance responsibilities backed by protocol stake.

BVID

On-chain identifier for a Business Validator; distinct from its current operator wallet.

Claim

Signed attestation about an identity, such as completion of an eligibility check.

Claim issuer

An entity or contract that issues attestations. It may differ from the asset token issuer.

Cohort

A collection of predictions fixed for evaluation over a defined outcome horizon.

Compliance module

Contract that applies a configured rule to a proposed token operation.

DRF

Disaster Recovery Fund: protocol recovery interfaces and reference implementation for receiving and routing recovery proceeds; the name does not establish available funding.

EOA

Externally owned account: an address controlled directly by a private key rather than by wallet-contract code.

Epoch

A reward accounting interval with snapshotted inputs and a separate finalization step.

Escrow

Contract that holds payment funds and releases or refunds them according to its rules.

Forced transfer

A privileged agent operation that moves holdings without a holder signature, subject to its specific contract checks.

Freeze

Restriction on a wallet or an amount of its tokens; distinct from pausing all ordinary transfers.

Health

The protocol assessment of collateral coverage. Other status or eligibility restrictions can still apply.

Identity registry

Suite contract associating wallets with ONCHAINIDs and evaluating required claims.

Insurance Validator

IV: a Business Validator underwriting specified obligations; insurance operating capital is separate from protocol stake.

Issuer

Organization issuing an asset token and responsible for its associated terms and operations.

IV

Abbreviation for Insurance Validator.

Keeper

Service that submits eligible maintenance transactions. It has only the permissions assigned to its address.

KYC and KYB

Know Your Customer and Know Your Business: verification processes for people and organizations; implementation scope and legal requirements are separate questions.

Management key

An ONCHAINID key with identity-management authority; it is not necessarily controlled by the asset wallet holder.

NAV

Net asset value used to price a fund subscription at acceptance under the offering rules.

NDT

The protocol recovery-claim instrument associated with DRF interfaces. Reference accounting does not guarantee redemption or a funded payout.

Network validator

Node operator participating in chain consensus, separate from Business Validator and issuer roles.

Notional

Principal or face value under a role’s responsibility, rather than the sum of future interest payments.

ONCHAINID

Identity contract containing keys and claims; wallets can be associated with it through a suite identity registry.

Oracle

Authorized input mechanism for an external value, such as ASSET/USD. Its data source and update controls determine the trust dependency.

Pause

Token control that stops ordinary transfers; privileged operations can have different checks.

Preflight

Preliminary evaluation of a proposed operation. Its result does not reserve balance or future eligibility.

Provisional penalty

An assessed penalty with reservations and immediate restrictions, before final debit or reversal.

Proxy

Contract forwarding execution to an implementation; the relevant upgrade authority may change that implementation.

RPC

Remote procedure call interface used to read chain state or submit signed transactions.

Safe

A smart-contract wallet whose configured owners and threshold authorize execution.

Scoring Validator

SV: a Business Validator publishing and maintaining probability-of-default predictions.

SIWE

Sign-In with Ethereum: wallet-message authentication used to establish a platform session.

Stake

Collateral posted to support protocol accountability; posted balance and withdrawable balance can differ.

SV

Abbreviation for Scoring Validator.

Timelock

Contract requiring scheduled privileged operations to wait a minimum delay before authorized execution.

Token suite

Permissioned token plus its identity, trusted-issuer, claim-topic, and compliance contracts.

Tokenization Validator

TV: a Business Validator responsible for assigned asset onboarding and maintenance duties.

Treasury delegation

Restricted treasury funding of BV stake, with ownership and withdrawal rules; not public retail delegation.

TV

Abbreviation for Tokenization Validator.

WAD

Fixed-point scale of 10 to the power 18, used for protocol ratios and USD values.

Wind-down

Process for ending assignments while resolving or retaining outstanding obligations.