# Glossary (/docs/resources/glossary)



## ASSET [#asset]

Native currency used for gas and BV collateral on Real Testnet. It is separate from permissioned asset tokens.

## Agent [#agent]

An address authorized to perform specified contract operations, such as minting or identity registration.

## Brier score [#brier-score]

Mean squared error between predicted probabilities and binary outcomes. The protocol compares it with an expected score and threshold.

## Business Validator [#business-validator]

Participant assigned tokenization, scoring, or insurance responsibilities backed by protocol stake.

## BVID [#bvid]

On-chain identifier for a Business Validator; distinct from its current operator wallet.

## Claim [#claim]

Signed attestation about an identity, such as completion of an eligibility check.

## Claim issuer [#claim-issuer]

An entity or contract that issues attestations. It may differ from the asset token issuer.

## Cohort [#cohort]

A collection of predictions fixed for evaluation over a defined outcome horizon.

## Compliance module [#compliance-module]

Contract that applies a configured rule to a proposed token operation.

## DRF [#drf]

Disaster Recovery Fund: protocol recovery interfaces and reference implementation for receiving and routing recovery proceeds; the name does not establish available funding.

## EOA [#eoa]

Externally owned account: an address controlled directly by a private key rather than by wallet-contract code.

## Epoch [#epoch]

A reward accounting interval with snapshotted inputs and a separate finalization step.

## Escrow [#escrow]

Contract that holds payment funds and releases or refunds them according to its rules.

## Forced transfer [#forced-transfer]

A privileged agent operation that moves holdings without a holder signature, subject to its specific contract checks.

## Freeze [#freeze]

Restriction on a wallet or an amount of its tokens; distinct from pausing all ordinary transfers.

## Health [#health]

The protocol assessment of collateral coverage. Other status or eligibility restrictions can still apply.

## Identity registry [#identity-registry]

Suite contract associating wallets with ONCHAINIDs and evaluating required claims.

## Insurance Validator [#insurance-validator]

IV: a Business Validator underwriting specified obligations; insurance operating capital is separate from protocol stake.

## Issuer [#issuer]

Organization issuing an asset token and responsible for its associated terms and operations.

## IV [#iv]

Abbreviation for Insurance Validator.

## Keeper [#keeper]

Service that submits eligible maintenance transactions. It has only the permissions assigned to its address.

## KYC and KYB [#kyc-and-kyb]

Know Your Customer and Know Your Business: verification processes for people and organizations; implementation scope and legal requirements are separate questions.

## Management key [#management-key]

An ONCHAINID key with identity-management authority; it is not necessarily controlled by the asset wallet holder.

## NAV [#nav]

Net asset value used to price a fund subscription at acceptance under the offering rules.

## NDT [#ndt]

The protocol recovery-claim instrument associated with DRF interfaces. Reference accounting does not guarantee redemption or a funded payout.

## Network validator [#network-validator]

Node operator participating in chain consensus, separate from Business Validator and issuer roles.

## Notional [#notional]

Principal or face value under a role’s responsibility, rather than the sum of future interest payments.

## ONCHAINID [#onchainid]

Identity contract containing keys and claims; wallets can be associated with it through a suite identity registry.

## Oracle [#oracle]

Authorized input mechanism for an external value, such as ASSET/USD. Its data source and update controls determine the trust dependency.

## Pause [#pause]

Token control that stops ordinary transfers; privileged operations can have different checks.

## Preflight [#preflight]

Preliminary evaluation of a proposed operation. Its result does not reserve balance or future eligibility.

## Provisional penalty [#provisional-penalty]

An assessed penalty with reservations and immediate restrictions, before final debit or reversal.

## Proxy [#proxy]

Contract forwarding execution to an implementation; the relevant upgrade authority may change that implementation.

## RPC [#rpc]

Remote procedure call interface used to read chain state or submit signed transactions.

## Safe [#safe]

A smart-contract wallet whose configured owners and threshold authorize execution.

## Scoring Validator [#scoring-validator]

SV: a Business Validator publishing and maintaining probability-of-default predictions.

## SIWE [#siwe]

Sign-In with Ethereum: wallet-message authentication used to establish a platform session.

## Stake [#stake]

Collateral posted to support protocol accountability; posted balance and withdrawable balance can differ.

## SV [#sv]

Abbreviation for Scoring Validator.

## Timelock [#timelock]

Contract requiring scheduled privileged operations to wait a minimum delay before authorized execution.

## Token suite [#token-suite]

Permissioned token plus its identity, trusted-issuer, claim-topic, and compliance contracts.

## Tokenization Validator [#tokenization-validator]

TV: a Business Validator responsible for assigned asset onboarding and maintenance duties.

## Treasury delegation [#treasury-delegation]

Restricted treasury funding of BV stake, with ownership and withdrawal rules; not public retail delegation.

## TV [#tv]

Abbreviation for Tokenization Validator.

## WAD [#wad]

Fixed-point scale of 10 to the power 18, used for protocol ratios and USD values.

## Wind-down [#wind-down]

Process for ending assignments while resolving or retaining outstanding obligations.